Published Jul 2014
Citation
Eremenco S, Coons SJ, Paty, J, et al. PRO data collection in clinical trials using mixed modes: Report of the ISPOR PRO mixed modes good research practices task force. Value Health 2014;17:501 – 516.
Abstract
The objective of this report was to address the use and mixing of data
collection modes within and between trials in which patient-reported
outcome (PRO) end points are intended to be used to support medical
product labeling. The report first addresses the factors that should be
considered when selecting a mode or modes of PRO data collection in a
clinical trial, which is often when mixing is first considered. Next, a
summary of how to “faithfully” migrate instruments is presented
followed by a section on qualitative and quantitative study designs
used to evaluate measurement equivalence of the new and original
modes of data collection. Finally, the report discusses a number of
issues that must be taken into account when mixing modes is deemed
necessary or unavoidable within or between trials, including considerations
of the risk of mixing at different levels within a clinical trial
program and mixing between different types of platforms. In the
absence of documented evidence of measurement equivalence, it is
strongly recommended that a quantitative equivalence study be conducted
before mixing modes in a trial to ensure that sufficient
equivalence can be demonstrated to have confidence in pooling PRO
data collected by the different modes. However, we also strongly
discourage the mixing of paper and electronic field-based instruments
and suggest that mixing of electronic modes be considered for clinical trials
and only after equivalence has been established. If proceeding with mixing
modes, it is important to implement data collection carefully in the trial
itself in a planned manner at the country level or higher and minimize
ad hoc mixing by sites or individual subjects. Finally, when mixing
occurs, it must be addressed in the statistical analysis plan for the trial
and the ability to pool the data must be evaluated to then evaluate
treatment effects with mixed modes data. A successful mixed modes
trial requires a “faithful migration,” measurement equivalence established
between modes, and carefully planned implementation to
minimize the risk of increased measurement error impacting the power
of the trial to detect a treatment effect.
Keywords: electronic PRO, ePRO, equivalence, mixed modes.
Copyright © 2017, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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