The Long-term Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Receptor Agonists for Obese Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta Analysis
Author(s)
Anwesha A. Kandhare, Master in Pharmacology, Somasundaram S, Pharm.D, Santosh Kumar, MA.
SIRO Clinpharm Private limited, Mumbai, India.
SIRO Clinpharm Private limited, Mumbai, India.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our research was to evaluate the long-term effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor agonists (GIP-RA) and the occurrence of side effects in the obese and non type 2 diabetes (non-T2D) groups separately.
METHODS: We performed an electronic search on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central using keywords such as “GLP-1 RA”, “GIP RA”, “obesity”, “overweight”, and “weight loss". For the inclusion, we considered global GLP-1 RAs and GIP RA available A part of our analysis was paying attention to the long-term safety effect. We also presented the results as a random-effects meta-analysis with the mean difference (MD), odds ratio, standardized mean difference (SMD), and relative risk.
RESULTS: A total of 47 articles were included in our research analysis. Although the GLP-1 RA- and GIP-RA-based therapies were found to be associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality however, several cardiovascular complications, such as a lower rate of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, stroke, and atrial fibrillation were markedly visible in those patients. GLP-1 RA and GIP-RAs also revealed a protective effect against acute kidney injury and allergic reactions. These protective effects were uniform across a variety of subgroups and regions. However, there is a significant association of gastrointestinal disorders observed by GLP-1 in different studies.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that GLP-1 RAs and GIP-RAs might be a complete approach towards the treatment of obesity however, long-term use of those drugs can lead to pancreatitis, gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, and other serious side effects that require careful healthcare monitoring
METHODS: We performed an electronic search on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central using keywords such as “GLP-1 RA”, “GIP RA”, “obesity”, “overweight”, and “weight loss". For the inclusion, we considered global GLP-1 RAs and GIP RA available A part of our analysis was paying attention to the long-term safety effect. We also presented the results as a random-effects meta-analysis with the mean difference (MD), odds ratio, standardized mean difference (SMD), and relative risk.
RESULTS: A total of 47 articles were included in our research analysis. Although the GLP-1 RA- and GIP-RA-based therapies were found to be associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality however, several cardiovascular complications, such as a lower rate of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, stroke, and atrial fibrillation were markedly visible in those patients. GLP-1 RA and GIP-RAs also revealed a protective effect against acute kidney injury and allergic reactions. These protective effects were uniform across a variety of subgroups and regions. However, there is a significant association of gastrointestinal disorders observed by GLP-1 in different studies.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that GLP-1 RAs and GIP-RAs might be a complete approach towards the treatment of obesity however, long-term use of those drugs can lead to pancreatitis, gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, and other serious side effects that require careful healthcare monitoring
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-09, ISPOR Real-World Evidence Summit 2025, Tokyo, Japan
Value in Health Regional, Volume 49S (September 2025)
Code
RWD189
Topic Subcategory
Distributed Data & Research Networks
Disease
SDC: Diabetes/Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders (including obesity)