OBJECTIVES: Cancer is the second lead cause of death in Brazil, with growing social and economic burden. According to Brazilian National Institute of Cancer/INCA, 576.580 new cases are expected in 2014. This study aimed better understand oncology landscape in Brazil using a real-world data source. METHODS: Data reported from 2009-2013 was taken from RHC-INCA – an open national patient registry database – for the following cancers: gastric (GC/ICD16); colorectal (CRC/ICD18-21); lung (LC/ICD33-34); breast (BC/ICD50); cervical (CC/ICD53) and ovarian (OC/ICD56). Only adult patients with TNM classification at diagnosis were included. Records labeled as ‘not informed’ or ‘not applicable’ were excluded. This study assessed distribution of those cancers according to gender; age group; stage at diagnosis for all patients; treatment choice and 1-year outcomes in stage IV patients with non-recorded previous treatment. RESULTS: Gender (male/female): GC–65.2%/34.8%; CRC–48.3%/51.7%; LC–62.2%/37.8%; BC–1.3%/98.7%. Highest frequency ages: males GC–60-74 years; CRC–55-69 years; LC–55-74 years; females GC–55-69 years; CRC–55-69 years; LC–55-69 years; BC–45-59 years; CC–35-49 years; OC–45-59 years. Stage at diagnosis (0/I/II/III/IV): GC–0.3%/10.7%/13.9%/24.8%/50.3%; CRC–0.6%/8.7%/29.5%/35.5%/25.7%; LC–0.1%/5.3%/6.2%/37.0%/51.4%; BC–3.0%/19.1%/36.8%/32.2%/8.8%; CC–17.5%/15.6%/26.3%/34.2%/6.3%; OC–0.0%/25.0%/8.5%/41.9%/24.6%. Regions with highest frequency of advanced cases (stages III/IV): GC–North(83.3%); CRC–South(65.1%); North(64.6%); LC–North(91.6%) and Northeast(91.1%); BC–North(52.2%) and West Center(51.6%); CC–South(49.3%) and North(45.8%); OC–South(69.9%); Northeast(67.3%). Stage IV treatment choice (chemotherapy alone or combined with another procedure/non-chemotherapy procedures): GC–73.4%/26.6%; CRC–81.3%/18.7%; LC–75.1%/24.9%; BC–76.6%/23.4%; CC–63.5%/36.5%; OC–83.5%/16.5%. 1-year outcomes (remission or controlled disease/progression, therapy unfeasibility or death): GC–26.9%/73.1%; CRC–34.3%/65.7%; LC–22.7%/77.3%; BC–38.4%/61.6%; CC–34.6%/65.4%; OC–35.1%/64.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Results evidence epidemiological differences between each type of cancer and amongst country regions. Regarding metastatic disease the majority of treatment strategies include chemotherapy; furthermore outcomes are poor with less than 40% of patients in remission or controlled disease after first year of treatment. The study had limitation regarding that São Paulo state data are not included in RHC-INCA.