OBJECTIVES: To describe and illustrate a new process model for study identification in systematic reviews of intervention effect.

METHODS: The transparent identification of studies is a key stage in systematic reviews. The current approach to study identification follows ‘The Conventional Approach’ which positions bibliographic databases as the first and primary method of study identification followed by searches of registers, conferences, and supplementary search methods. Studies and study reports are identified simultaneously and then pooled for study selection.

A new process model is proposed which attempts to separate the search for studies from study reports. The assumption behind this new model is that a preliminary mapping of studies might inform an initial framework from which the plan for synthesis can be confirmed or formed. Study reports are then sought.

RESULTS: Comparison of the new process model with The Conventional Approach, suggests this new model might be especially important in framing the need for, and methods of, creating a network meta-analysis. The new process model will be illustrated and described, alongside guidance on when and how this model might be used.

CONCLUSIONS: This new process model is positioned as an alternate to The Conventional Approach of systematic study identification for use in reviews of intervention effectiveness.