OBJECTIVES: Preventive vaccination programs for adults often receive less attention and funding compared to those for children. This study aimed to examine the differences in the level and mechanisms of funding for adult vaccination across EU countries and the UK. Additionally, we sought to assess how the method of financing influences the effectiveness of vaccination promotion and coverage.

METHODS: We collected and analyzed data on the financing mechanisms for adult vaccinations across EU countries and the UK.

Our comparative study included a review of national health policies, funding levels, and procurement practices. We also examined correlations between financing methods and the success rates of vaccination programs, including uptake rates and public health outcomes.

RESULTS: Our analysis reveals significant variability in reimbursement systems and funding levels for adult vaccinations across the EU and the UK. These differences are evident between Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and major Western European nations such as Germany, France, and the UK. We found that in most countries, vaccine procurement is centralized, which can lead to economies of scale and better pricing. However, decentralization in some regions allows for tailored approaches to meet specific local needs. Differences in financing methods, including public funding versus out-of-pocket expenses, have a significant impact on the popularity and uptake of vaccination programs. Countries with robust public financing and centralized procurement tend to have higher vaccination coverages and better public health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Adequate financing of adult immunization programs is critical to building effective and sustainable systems that ensure long-term protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. There is an urgent need for European countries to share best practices and experiences in financing adult vaccinations. Harmonizing effective financing methods, as demonstrated by the collaborative efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic, could improve the overall effectiveness and efficiency of vaccination programs across Europe.