OBJECTIVES: Heterogeneous social networks influence the spread and demographics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mpox is a contemporary global sexually transmitted disease. The disease mostly affects males, and its main mode of transmission is through men who have sex with men (MSM). This research aims to explore the predicted outbreak of sexually transmitted diseases and transmission dynamics using an agent-based model.

METHODS: We implemented agent-based modelling to simulate the transmission of mpox through social and sexual contact in networks of multiple concurrent partners (MCPs). The sexual behavior of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual populations in MCP groups was considered, along with transmission through sex parties with and without sexual contact and social contact networks. Multiple nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) – such as reducing the frequency of sexual contact and the number of sexual partners, tests and contact tracing, and vaccination – were also considered. The simulation results were compared with the currently available data.

RESULTS: The results showed that our model has a similar age and sex distribution, MSM ratio, and sex orientation distribution in males. STIs are spread more easily through anal intercourse than through vaginal and oral intercourse, and this promotes transmission within the MSM group. Through the agency of the intermediate bisexual population, the virus can be transmitted to heterosexual groups. Sexual contact at sex parties can activate the transmission of STIs within different unlinked sexual partner clusters. The transmission dynamic of STIs is also summarized.

CONCLUSIONS: Our agent-based STI transmission model could be a practical tool for predicting and understanding transmission dynamics—and, therefore, a valuable reference for public health policy decision-makers.