OBJECTIVES:

A cardiac pacemaker (PM) is a medical device that uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscle and regulate the heart rate. The main purpose of this device is to maintain a proper heart rate. Pacemakers are essential not only for the treatment of arrhythmias and heart failure, but also for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review hypothesizes that cardiovascular disease patients receiving treatment 'with or without pacemaker may increase or decrease the risk of mortality. The objectives of this study were to analyse the pacemaker evidence to conduct a systematic review to determine the clinical efficacy of pacemaker implantation in high-risk patients requiring surgery with outcomes with reduced of risk mortality.

METHODS:

A comprehensive search was performed at various electronic databases using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane. A PRISMA method is used to curate and collocate the studies. Quantitative data were pooled into statistical meta-analyses using the Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan) to compare clinical efficacy with and without pacemakers

RESULTS:

A total of 3334 articles were obtained and after evaluation, 10 articles were accepted that answered the research questions and met the criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, the metanalysis found that the risk of mortality was increased in patients treated without a pacemaker and decreased mortality in those patients treated with a pacemaker showing (risk ratio 1.23, (1.15 to 1.32) with a 95% confidence interval.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this review we found that pacemakers played an important role in patients’ recovery and reduced risk of Mortality. This adds to the confidence that pacemakers will become more prevalent in the next few years.