Objectives: To assess the associations between attitudes toward the COVID-19 disease and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination among Hungarians, and to compare these attitudes between health and non-health workers.

Methods: This online-based survey has utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. 1735 Hungarians have responded to a set of sociodemographic questions, 26 items assessing attitudes toward the COVID-19 disease, and 36 items assessing attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination. The SPSS 20.0 was used to run the basic descriptives and frequencies, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, Spearman’s correlation, multiple regression, and the Mann-Whitney test.

Results: The results demonstrated that the data were not normally distributed. Spearman’s correlation showed a positive association between the attitudes toward the COVID-19 disease and the attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination (R= .247, p < .01). According to the results of the multiple regression results, occupation was the only significant factor predicting the Hungarians’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination (β = 0.086, p < .01). However, the occupation didn’t significantly predict the Hungarians’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 disease. Upon comparing the health and non-health workers, the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in terms of the attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination (Z= -4.43, p < .001) but not toward the COVID-19 disease itself (Z= -0.31, p =.761).

Conclusions: The health workers have better attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination than the non-health workers in Hungary. The knowledge of health workers might explain their positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination; as compared to the non-health workers. The Hungarian ministry of health should strategize to improve the public’s willingness to be vaccinated against the COVID-19 disease. One of the possible strategies is to build a national health education program focusing on the non-health workers in Hungary.