OBJECTIVES: The availability of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors has led to significantly improved outcomes in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these novel agents are expensive, and access issues exist in markets with incomplete insurance coverage. Here, we investigate the impact of monthly household income on access to IO treatments among NSCLC in China. METHODS: Between July 2018 and June 2019, a panel of 402 lung cancer-treating physicians in China were asked to report on the demographics of and the prescribed treatment for their NSCLC patients, through the submission of de-identified pen and paper record forms (N=2,606 NSCLC patients with known income levels). RESULTS: Of the 252 NSCLC patients with a monthly household income of below RMB 5,000, just 0.8% were prescribed an IO drug at the time of visit, compared to 2.1% of the 1,297 patients with a monthly household income level between RMB 5,000 and RMB 14,999, and 5.7% of the 406 patients with a monthly household income level above RMB 15,000. CONCLUSIONS: Access to IO treatments is lower amongst low-and-middle income patients in China than amongst high-income patients, as demonstrated by this Real World Evidence dataset. Since these treatments have demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes in clinical trials, there is potential for improving outcomes for NSCLC patients in China through improving access to IO treatments amongst the less affluent patients.