OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and nature of complications related to cesarean births. Cesarean births, while typically safeguarding the health of the mother and baby, can also bring about risks and complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and organ injury.

METHODS: The study was conducted by examining existing literature to determine the rates of complications associated with cesarean births. A systematic literature review was performed, and information was gathered from numerous electronic databases.

RESULTS: According to current birth and cesarean data, it is observed that the number of new births, which was 1,229,555 in 2002, decreased by 12% to 1,079,842. In contrast, the number of cesareans increased by 178% from 258,207 to 630,628. Forecasts for the year 2030 based on data released by official sources suggest that the number of births will decrease by 15% compared to 2002, reaching 1,041,097, while the number of cesareans, which constituted 21% of births in 2002, is expected to increase by 270%, making up 77.9% of new births. The numbers of maternal and neonatal complications, which were 74,906 and 123,068 respectively in 2021, are predicted to reach 235,468 and 387,190 respectively in 2030. The general rate of maternal complications worldwide is found to be 14.67%, while for Turkiye, it is 29.1%. Neonatal complication rates, when considered globally and for Turkiye, are found to be 47.66%.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite their often lifesaving necessity, cesarean births may lead to a higher rate of maternal and neonatal complications than vaginal deliveries. The research underscores the importance of meticulously weighing the benefits against potential negative outcomes and considering the necessity of the procedure. Efforts should prioritize reducing non-medically indicated cesarean rates, promoting vaginal delivery when feasible, and providing extensive education about the potential risks and benefits associated with both types of childbirth.