The Impact of Treatment Compliance on Healthcare Resource Utilization Amongst Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Real-World Survey
Author(s)
Lobat Hashemi, PhD1, Timothy Horwedel, MHA, PharmD1, Harry Boyd, Other2, Mollie Lowe, MSc2, Dean A. Taylor, BSc2, Sarah Clayton, BSc2.
1Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC, USA, 2Adelphi Real World, Bollington, United Kingdom.
1Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC, USA, 2Adelphi Real World, Bollington, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the impact of treatment compliance on healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) among kidney transplant recipients in United States.
METHODS: Data were drawn from the Adelphi Real World Kidney Transplant Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey of nephrologists in United States from September 2024 - April 2025. Nephrologists reported patient demographics, post-transplant consultations, testing, hospitalisations, and treatment compliance for 6 consecutively consulting patients. Physician-perceived patient compliance was categorised as fully compliant (FC; takes >80% of prescribed dose) and not fully compliant (NFC; takes ≤80% of prescribed dose). Negative binomial regressions were used to model the relationship between compliance and HCRU, whilst controlling for age, sex, concomitant conditions, and time since transplant.
RESULTS: Overall, 30 physicians provided data for 186 patients; 138 were FC (74%) and 48 were NFC (26%). Mean (standard deviation; SD) patient age was 52.4 (12.2) years and 60% were male. Mean (SD) time since transplant was 2.1 (3.4) years. In the past 12 months, 18% of FC patients were admitted to hospital, compared to 35% of NFC patients; 57% of FC admissions were through the emergency room (vs. 93% for NFC), and 9% of FC patients spent time in intensive care (vs. 21% for NFC). Negative binomial regression showed NFC patients had 2.4 times the hospitalisation rate of FC patients (p=0.008, n=171). FC patients had higher HCRU: 1.4 times the rate of healthcare provider consultations (p=0.038), 1.3 times the rate of visits to a transplant nephrologist (p=0.008), and 2.1 times the rate of tests (p=0.001), compared to NFC patients (n=186).
CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplantation is associated with substantive HCRU. These results indicate that patients with reduced treatment compliance have fewer annual touchpoints with healthcare providers but are more likely to be hospitalised. Future research should clarify the root causes of reduced patient compliance to improve interventions amongst this patient population.
METHODS: Data were drawn from the Adelphi Real World Kidney Transplant Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey of nephrologists in United States from September 2024 - April 2025. Nephrologists reported patient demographics, post-transplant consultations, testing, hospitalisations, and treatment compliance for 6 consecutively consulting patients. Physician-perceived patient compliance was categorised as fully compliant (FC; takes >80% of prescribed dose) and not fully compliant (NFC; takes ≤80% of prescribed dose). Negative binomial regressions were used to model the relationship between compliance and HCRU, whilst controlling for age, sex, concomitant conditions, and time since transplant.
RESULTS: Overall, 30 physicians provided data for 186 patients; 138 were FC (74%) and 48 were NFC (26%). Mean (standard deviation; SD) patient age was 52.4 (12.2) years and 60% were male. Mean (SD) time since transplant was 2.1 (3.4) years. In the past 12 months, 18% of FC patients were admitted to hospital, compared to 35% of NFC patients; 57% of FC admissions were through the emergency room (vs. 93% for NFC), and 9% of FC patients spent time in intensive care (vs. 21% for NFC). Negative binomial regression showed NFC patients had 2.4 times the hospitalisation rate of FC patients (p=0.008, n=171). FC patients had higher HCRU: 1.4 times the rate of healthcare provider consultations (p=0.038), 1.3 times the rate of visits to a transplant nephrologist (p=0.008), and 2.1 times the rate of tests (p=0.001), compared to NFC patients (n=186).
CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplantation is associated with substantive HCRU. These results indicate that patients with reduced treatment compliance have fewer annual touchpoints with healthcare providers but are more likely to be hospitalised. Future research should clarify the root causes of reduced patient compliance to improve interventions amongst this patient population.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-11, ISPOR Europe 2025, Glasgow, Scotland
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S2
Code
PCR233
Topic
Patient-Centered Research
Topic Subcategory
Adherence, Persistence, & Compliance
Disease
No Additional Disease & Conditions/Specialized Treatment Areas