The Impact of Real-World Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness on the Cost-Effectiveness of High-Dose Influenza Vaccine: A Case Study in Japan
Author(s)
Xinyu Wang, MBA, PhD1, Gerald Moncayo, DPhil2, Mizuha Kobayashi, MSc1.
1Sanofi Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 2Sanofi France, Lyon, France.
1Sanofi Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 2Sanofi France, Lyon, France.
OBJECTIVES: Health technology assessments increasingly emphasize using local, real-world evidence. This research aims to recalibrate the existing cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) in Japan by incorporating more recent and locally relevant data. The analysis explores how varying levels of standard-dose influenza vaccine (SD) effectiveness impacts the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of HD to support context-specific decision-making.
METHODS: Previous studies have suggested SD to provide approximately 50% protection against influenza in the elderly population. However, this statistic deviates from local, more recent data reported in the United States and Japan. The U.S. CDC reports seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness from 2009 onwards ranging from 19% to 60%. Additionally, a 2020 Japanese meta-analysis revealed an SD efficacy of 12.9% (95%CI: -8.0, 29.8). Hence, to reflect the seasonal variability of effectiveness, the study modeled cost-effectiveness scenarios using SD efficacy values of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%.
RESULTS: SD effectiveness significantly influenced the cost-effectiveness outcome. At 10%, 20% and 40% SD effectiveness, ICERs ranged from ¥2,583,350/QALY, ¥2,941,656/QALY, and ¥4,016,576/QALY, respectively. These estimates were more favorable compared to the existing ICER of ¥4,876,512/QALY (based on 50% efficacy). However, at 60% SD effectiveness, the ICER reached ¥6,166,415/QALY, surpassing the ¥5,000,000/QALY threshold in Japan.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis demonstrates that cost-effectiveness of HD is highly sensitive to the absolute effectiveness of SD. This underscores the importance of regular data collection and integration of a range of data into economic evaluation to assess the value of new influenza prevention vaccines. Country-specific data not only provides more accurate ICERs, but also offers valuable insights towards efficient allocation of limited healthcare resources. This study was funded by Sanofi. All authors are employees of Sanofi and may own stock and/or stock options
METHODS: Previous studies have suggested SD to provide approximately 50% protection against influenza in the elderly population. However, this statistic deviates from local, more recent data reported in the United States and Japan. The U.S. CDC reports seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness from 2009 onwards ranging from 19% to 60%. Additionally, a 2020 Japanese meta-analysis revealed an SD efficacy of 12.9% (95%CI: -8.0, 29.8). Hence, to reflect the seasonal variability of effectiveness, the study modeled cost-effectiveness scenarios using SD efficacy values of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%.
RESULTS: SD effectiveness significantly influenced the cost-effectiveness outcome. At 10%, 20% and 40% SD effectiveness, ICERs ranged from ¥2,583,350/QALY, ¥2,941,656/QALY, and ¥4,016,576/QALY, respectively. These estimates were more favorable compared to the existing ICER of ¥4,876,512/QALY (based on 50% efficacy). However, at 60% SD effectiveness, the ICER reached ¥6,166,415/QALY, surpassing the ¥5,000,000/QALY threshold in Japan.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis demonstrates that cost-effectiveness of HD is highly sensitive to the absolute effectiveness of SD. This underscores the importance of regular data collection and integration of a range of data into economic evaluation to assess the value of new influenza prevention vaccines. Country-specific data not only provides more accurate ICERs, but also offers valuable insights towards efficient allocation of limited healthcare resources. This study was funded by Sanofi. All authors are employees of Sanofi and may own stock and/or stock options
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-11, ISPOR Europe 2025, Glasgow, Scotland
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S2
Code
EE715
Topic
Economic Evaluation, Health Technology Assessment, Real World Data & Information Systems
Disease
Geriatrics, Respiratory-Related Disorders (Allergy, Asthma, Smoking, Other Respiratory), Vaccines