Preferences for a Combination Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccine: Results From a Stated-Preference Survey With Consumers in the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany
Author(s)
Christine Poulos, PhD1, Cannon Kent, PhD1, Deborah Rudin, M.D.2, Philip Buck, MPH, PhD2, Parinaz Ghaswalla, PhD2, Darshan Mehta, MBA, PhD2.
1RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 2Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA.
1RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 2Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To quantify consumer acceptability and risk tolerance for a combination influenza and COVID-19 vaccine compared with an influenza-only vaccine in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Germany (DE).
METHODS: Independent stated-preference surveys were conducted with adult consumers in each country. Preferences were elicited using a threshold technique (TT) embedded within the broader surveys. In the baseline question, respondents chose between the combination vaccine and the influenza-only vaccine with identical influenza vaccine efficacy and risk of side effects; the combination vaccine additionally offering protection against COVID-19. The TT questions systematically varied the risk of moderate to severe systemic flu-like symptoms (FLS) associated with the combination vaccination (range: 0%-30%) to quantify respondents’ tolerance for FLS risk in exchange for the additional protection and convenience of the combination vaccine. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interval regression modeling.
RESULTS: Threshold data were obtained from 601 respondents in the US, 600 in the UK, and 599 in DE, with mean ages of 54.3, 55.0, and 50.0 years, respectively. Overall, most respondents (US: 66.3%, UK: 74.7%, DE: 59.9%) preferred the combination vaccine. The maximum FLS risk respondents were willing to accept averaged 20.3% (95% CI: 19.1-21.4) in the US, 24.1% (95% CI: 23.0-25.2) in the UK, and 19.3% (95% CI: 18.1-20.4) in DE. A minority of respondents (US: 11.1%, UK: 7.5%, DE: 13.9%) were unwilling to accept any FLS risk. Higher educational attainment and prior vaccination experience were associated with greater risk tolerance, whereas individuals with comorbidities predisposing them to flu complications were more risk averse.
CONCLUSIONS: Most consumers expressed a preference for a combination influenza/COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest that the added protection and convenience of a single-dose combination vaccine are valued, even when accompanied by a higher risk of temporary side effects.
METHODS: Independent stated-preference surveys were conducted with adult consumers in each country. Preferences were elicited using a threshold technique (TT) embedded within the broader surveys. In the baseline question, respondents chose between the combination vaccine and the influenza-only vaccine with identical influenza vaccine efficacy and risk of side effects; the combination vaccine additionally offering protection against COVID-19. The TT questions systematically varied the risk of moderate to severe systemic flu-like symptoms (FLS) associated with the combination vaccination (range: 0%-30%) to quantify respondents’ tolerance for FLS risk in exchange for the additional protection and convenience of the combination vaccine. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and interval regression modeling.
RESULTS: Threshold data were obtained from 601 respondents in the US, 600 in the UK, and 599 in DE, with mean ages of 54.3, 55.0, and 50.0 years, respectively. Overall, most respondents (US: 66.3%, UK: 74.7%, DE: 59.9%) preferred the combination vaccine. The maximum FLS risk respondents were willing to accept averaged 20.3% (95% CI: 19.1-21.4) in the US, 24.1% (95% CI: 23.0-25.2) in the UK, and 19.3% (95% CI: 18.1-20.4) in DE. A minority of respondents (US: 11.1%, UK: 7.5%, DE: 13.9%) were unwilling to accept any FLS risk. Higher educational attainment and prior vaccination experience were associated with greater risk tolerance, whereas individuals with comorbidities predisposing them to flu complications were more risk averse.
CONCLUSIONS: Most consumers expressed a preference for a combination influenza/COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest that the added protection and convenience of a single-dose combination vaccine are valued, even when accompanied by a higher risk of temporary side effects.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-11, ISPOR Europe 2025, Glasgow, Scotland
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S2
Code
PCR191
Topic
Epidemiology & Public Health, Patient-Centered Research
Disease
Vaccines