Presentation (CTI)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how strengthening primary health care (PHC) as a public health policy in Colombia reduces medium- and long-term healthcare costs, while improving health outcomes and access timeliness. The study assesses the economic and clinical benefits of expanding PHC capacity, especially in underserved regions.
METHODS: A policy-impact assessment was conducted using national expenditure data (2015-2023), PHC performance metrics, and 15 semi-structured interviews with regional health authorities. A longitudinal comparison was performed across municipalities with high vs. low PHC investment, focusing on hospitalization rates, emergency visits, chronic disease control, and patient satisfaction. Cost projections were modeled using a 5-year horizon and a base case of enhanced PHC infrastructure, human resources, and telehealth access.
RESULTS: Municipalities with robust PHC systems reported 38% fewer avoidable hospitalizations and 29% fewer emergency room visits. The implementation of strengthened PHC was associated with improved control of diabetes, hypertension, and maternal health indicators. Cost analysis revealed a 22-28% reduction in total health expenditure per capita over five years. Investment in PHC (COP $40,000 per capita/year) yielded a return of up to COP $3.2 for every peso spent, mainly due to reduced high-complexity service use and better health-seeking behavior. Areas with integrated PHC networks showed faster response times and higher satisfaction in rural and vulnerable populations.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary health care is not only the foundation of equity and access but also a financially strategic investment. Strengthening PHC in Colombia leads to measurable cost savings, enhanced clinical outcomes, and improved patient experience. Policymakers should prioritize PHC infrastructure, workforce development, and digital integration to ensure long-term sustainability of the health system.