Association of Sleep Disturbances With Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Adults in the US
Author(s)
Chan Shen1, Hao Wang, MD2, R. Constance Consatnce Wiener, PhD3, Mona Pathak, MSc, PhD4, Sophie Mitra, PhD5, Patricia A. Findley, DrPH6, Usha Sambamoorthi, MA, PhD4.
1Hershey, PA, USA, 2JPS Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 3West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, 4University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 5Fordham University, New York, NY, USA, 6Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
1Hershey, PA, USA, 2JPS Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 3West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, 4University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 5Fordham University, New York, NY, USA, 6Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Sleep is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by both duration and quality. Various sleep disturbances have been associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the role of specific disturbances in MCI pathophysiology remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between distinct sleep disturbances and MCI in adults aged 50 and older using nationally representative data.
METHODS: Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were analyzed to explore the association between MCI and three types of sleep disturbances: trouble falling asleep, trouble waking up, and waking up too early. Logistic regression models estimated unadjusted (Model 1) and adjusted associations accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, social determinants of health (Model 2), general health (Model 3), depression (Model 4), and pain and physical activity (Model 5).
RESULTS: The study cohort included 8,877 participants aged ≥50 years in 2018 (baseline) who were followed up in 2020. Overall, 15.4% reported trouble falling asleep, 23.2% reported trouble waking up, and 12.8% reported waking up too early and being unable to fall back asleep most of the time. Among older adults, approximately 13.1% reported experiencing MCI; The prevalence of MCI was even higher in those who experienced sleep disturbances. The unadjusted odds ratio for experiencing trouble falling asleep most of the time was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42-2.03), for trouble waking up most of the time was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.10-1.57), and for waking up early most of the time was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.51-2.35). However, these positive associations attenuated depending on the covariate adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one in seven adults had MCI. The relationship between sleep disturbances and MCI has been challenging to delineate. Our findings demonstrate a positive association between sleep disturbances and MCI, although these associations were sensitive to covariate adjustments. These findings suggest multifaceted pathways for reducing the risk of MCI.
METHODS: Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were analyzed to explore the association between MCI and three types of sleep disturbances: trouble falling asleep, trouble waking up, and waking up too early. Logistic regression models estimated unadjusted (Model 1) and adjusted associations accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, social determinants of health (Model 2), general health (Model 3), depression (Model 4), and pain and physical activity (Model 5).
RESULTS: The study cohort included 8,877 participants aged ≥50 years in 2018 (baseline) who were followed up in 2020. Overall, 15.4% reported trouble falling asleep, 23.2% reported trouble waking up, and 12.8% reported waking up too early and being unable to fall back asleep most of the time. Among older adults, approximately 13.1% reported experiencing MCI; The prevalence of MCI was even higher in those who experienced sleep disturbances. The unadjusted odds ratio for experiencing trouble falling asleep most of the time was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42-2.03), for trouble waking up most of the time was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.10-1.57), and for waking up early most of the time was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.51-2.35). However, these positive associations attenuated depending on the covariate adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one in seven adults had MCI. The relationship between sleep disturbances and MCI has been challenging to delineate. Our findings demonstrate a positive association between sleep disturbances and MCI, although these associations were sensitive to covariate adjustments. These findings suggest multifaceted pathways for reducing the risk of MCI.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-05, ISPOR 2025, Montréal, Quebec, CA
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S1
Code
EPH187
Topic
Epidemiology & Public Health
Disease
No Additional Disease & Conditions/Specialized Treatment Areas, SDC: Geriatrics