Seasonal Variation in Incidence and Outcomes of Hospitalizations with Severe Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia in the U.S., 2018-2022
Author(s)
Marya D. Zilberberg, MD, MPH1, Mike Greenberg, MD2, Valentin Curt, MD2, Andrew F. Shorr, MD, MPH, MBA, MA3.
1EviMed Research Group, LLC, Goshen, MA, USA, 2Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA, 3Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
1EviMed Research Group, LLC, Goshen, MA, USA, 2Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA, 3Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Presentation Documents
OBJECTIVES: Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and results in a range of disease severity. The incidence and outcomes of this syndrome generally vary by season. However, it is unclear if this holds true for patients with severe CABP (sCABP).
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-group cohort study using IQVIA’s hospital charge data master database (2018-2022) of adults hospitalized with sCABP (an episode of CABP requiring ICU admission). We quantified seasonal variation in its incidence and outcomes (hospital mortality, length of stay [LOS], costs, 30-day readmissions and attendant costs and LOS) related to sCABP. We report mean costs and LOS.
RESULTS: Among 24,422 sCABP patients, overall mortality was 15.9%, hospital LOS 13.6 days, cost $91,965. The 30-day readmission rate was 19.9% (LOS 11.5 days, cost of $61,072). A plurality of sCABP hospitalizations occurred in the winter (29.3%), followed by spring (27.9%), with summer and fall at 16.1% and 16.0%, respectively. Hospital mortality was lowest in the spring (14.6%) and highest in the winter (17.0%). Hospital LOS ranged from 13.5 days in the winter to 14.0 days in the summer, with the lowest costs in the spring ($87,880) and highest in the summer ($96,612). There was minimal variation in the rate (19.5% -20.4%) or LOS (9.9-10.3 days) of 30-day readmissions among survivors, while costs of these readmissions ranged from $48,697 (winter), and $49,934 (spring) to $53,252 (summer), and $53,460 (fall).
CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal variation in sCABP admissions mirrors that reported in CABP overall, with the highest rates observed during the winter. Contrary to prior reports, hospital mortality is highest in the winter. Interestingly, while the incidence and LOS of readmissions do not vary substantively by season, the attendant costs in the summer and fall are higher than in the winter and spring.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-group cohort study using IQVIA’s hospital charge data master database (2018-2022) of adults hospitalized with sCABP (an episode of CABP requiring ICU admission). We quantified seasonal variation in its incidence and outcomes (hospital mortality, length of stay [LOS], costs, 30-day readmissions and attendant costs and LOS) related to sCABP. We report mean costs and LOS.
RESULTS: Among 24,422 sCABP patients, overall mortality was 15.9%, hospital LOS 13.6 days, cost $91,965. The 30-day readmission rate was 19.9% (LOS 11.5 days, cost of $61,072). A plurality of sCABP hospitalizations occurred in the winter (29.3%), followed by spring (27.9%), with summer and fall at 16.1% and 16.0%, respectively. Hospital mortality was lowest in the spring (14.6%) and highest in the winter (17.0%). Hospital LOS ranged from 13.5 days in the winter to 14.0 days in the summer, with the lowest costs in the spring ($87,880) and highest in the summer ($96,612). There was minimal variation in the rate (19.5% -20.4%) or LOS (9.9-10.3 days) of 30-day readmissions among survivors, while costs of these readmissions ranged from $48,697 (winter), and $49,934 (spring) to $53,252 (summer), and $53,460 (fall).
CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal variation in sCABP admissions mirrors that reported in CABP overall, with the highest rates observed during the winter. Contrary to prior reports, hospital mortality is highest in the winter. Interestingly, while the incidence and LOS of readmissions do not vary substantively by season, the attendant costs in the summer and fall are higher than in the winter and spring.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-05, ISPOR 2025, Montréal, Quebec, CA
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S1
Code
EE385
Topic
Economic Evaluation
Topic Subcategory
Cost/Cost of Illness/Resource Use Studies
Disease
SDC: Infectious Disease (non-vaccine)