Healthcare Burden Among Patients with Graves Disease: A Targeted Literature Review
Author(s)
Lesley-Ann Miller-Wilson, PhD, MS, MBA1, Erin Mandal, BS2, Sarah Ronnebaum, PhD2, Sofie Norregaard, MSc3, Nipun Atreja, PhD1, Kylle Tollefsen, PhD1.
1Immunovant, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, NC, USA, 3Thermo Fisher Scientific, London, United Kingdom.
1Immunovant, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, NC, USA, 3Thermo Fisher Scientific, London, United Kingdom.
Presentation Documents
OBJECTIVES: Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organs, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid drugs (ATD) can successfully result in euthyroid status, although relapse is common following discontinuation of treatment. We assessed current evidence describing the burden of GD, including clinical, humanistic, and treatment-related aspects.
METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Econlit using a predefined search strategy for articles describing the burden of GD published from January 1, 2019-August 2, 2024. Relevant conference abstracts from January 1, 2021-August 2, 2024 were identified by handsearching. Records describing clinical, humanistic, and treatment-related aspects of disease burden were included.
RESULTS: Among the 2150 records reviewed, 79 were relevant. Overall, ATD were the most utilized first-line treatment for GD, with rates of first-line ATD use increasing over the past two decades compared with thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. A reported 47%-76% of patients treated with first-line ATD experienced a relapse of hyperthyroidism after cessation of therapy. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and normal thyroid hormone levels, was reported in up to 27% of patients treated with ATD, with or without levothyroxine. Compared with healthy controls, patients with GD have a significantly increased risk of developing other conditions (eg, heart failure, diabetes, depression, dementia); findings from one study reported GD increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 23% (p<0.01). Quality of life measures, including the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome, are worse in patients with GD, including treated patients, compared with healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GD experience substantial clinical and humanistic disease burden, including increased risks of mortality and comorbidity, that current treatment options do not adequately address. Further evaluation is needed to understand the long-term impact of GD.
METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Econlit using a predefined search strategy for articles describing the burden of GD published from January 1, 2019-August 2, 2024. Relevant conference abstracts from January 1, 2021-August 2, 2024 were identified by handsearching. Records describing clinical, humanistic, and treatment-related aspects of disease burden were included.
RESULTS: Among the 2150 records reviewed, 79 were relevant. Overall, ATD were the most utilized first-line treatment for GD, with rates of first-line ATD use increasing over the past two decades compared with thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. A reported 47%-76% of patients treated with first-line ATD experienced a relapse of hyperthyroidism after cessation of therapy. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and normal thyroid hormone levels, was reported in up to 27% of patients treated with ATD, with or without levothyroxine. Compared with healthy controls, patients with GD have a significantly increased risk of developing other conditions (eg, heart failure, diabetes, depression, dementia); findings from one study reported GD increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 23% (p<0.01). Quality of life measures, including the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome, are worse in patients with GD, including treated patients, compared with healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GD experience substantial clinical and humanistic disease burden, including increased risks of mortality and comorbidity, that current treatment options do not adequately address. Further evaluation is needed to understand the long-term impact of GD.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-05, ISPOR 2025, Montréal, Quebec, CA
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S1
Code
PCR180
Topic
Patient-Centered Research
Topic Subcategory
Patient-reported Outcomes & Quality of Life Outcomes
Disease
SDC: Diabetes/Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders (including obesity)