Current Evidence and Research Gaps on the Economic Burden of Graves' Disease: A Targeted Literature Review
Author(s)
Lesley-Ann Miller-Wilson, PhD, MS, MBA1, Erin Mandal, BS2, Sarah Ronnebaum, PhD2, Sofie Norregaard, MSc3, Nipun Atreja, PhD1, Kylle Tollefsen, PhD1.
1Immunovant, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, NC, USA, 3Thermo Fisher Scientific, London, United Kingdom.
1Immunovant, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, NC, USA, 3Thermo Fisher Scientific, London, United Kingdom.
Presentation Documents
OBJECTIVES: Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and increases the risk of other conditions (eg, heart failure, depression, dementia, diabetes), even among treated patients, imposing a substantial disease burden. We reviewed current evidence describing the burden of GD, including economic impact.
METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Econlit using a predefined search strategy for articles describing the burden of GD published from January 1, 2019-August 2, 2024. Relevant conference abstracts from January 1, 2021-August 2, 2024 were identified by handsearching. Records describing economic outcomes were included in this analysis.
RESULTS: Among the 2150 records reviewed, 8 were considered relevant. Economic studies from the United States (US; n=2) examined healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) for ≤6 months following total thyroidectomy and lifetime cost-effectiveness of radioactive iodine (RAI) vs thyroidectomy. European studies (n=3) assessed HCRU for ≤100 days with RAI; lifetime costs for antithyroid drugs (ATD), RAI, and thyroidectomy; and the cost-utility of ATD, RAI, and thyroidectomy over 8 years. In China (n=3), 2 studies evaluated HCRU and costs for ATD, RAI, and thyroidectomy over 10 years, and 1 study focused on HCRU and costs associated with agranulocytosis. Evidence from the US and Sweden found thyroidectomy to be more cost-effective than RAI, driven by improved quality of life outcomes with thyroidectomy. Only half of the studies identified reported HCRU and cost estimates for ≥10 years. Findings describing treatment-related costs for GD were inconsistent. No studies examined the contribution of systemic manifestations of GD on overall HCRU or costs.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence describing the short- and long-term costs and HCRU associated with GD, particularly ATD use, is sparse and limited to the US, northern Europe, and China. Long-term real-world evidence studies are necessary to fully capture the economic burden of GD.
METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Econlit using a predefined search strategy for articles describing the burden of GD published from January 1, 2019-August 2, 2024. Relevant conference abstracts from January 1, 2021-August 2, 2024 were identified by handsearching. Records describing economic outcomes were included in this analysis.
RESULTS: Among the 2150 records reviewed, 8 were considered relevant. Economic studies from the United States (US; n=2) examined healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) for ≤6 months following total thyroidectomy and lifetime cost-effectiveness of radioactive iodine (RAI) vs thyroidectomy. European studies (n=3) assessed HCRU for ≤100 days with RAI; lifetime costs for antithyroid drugs (ATD), RAI, and thyroidectomy; and the cost-utility of ATD, RAI, and thyroidectomy over 8 years. In China (n=3), 2 studies evaluated HCRU and costs for ATD, RAI, and thyroidectomy over 10 years, and 1 study focused on HCRU and costs associated with agranulocytosis. Evidence from the US and Sweden found thyroidectomy to be more cost-effective than RAI, driven by improved quality of life outcomes with thyroidectomy. Only half of the studies identified reported HCRU and cost estimates for ≥10 years. Findings describing treatment-related costs for GD were inconsistent. No studies examined the contribution of systemic manifestations of GD on overall HCRU or costs.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence describing the short- and long-term costs and HCRU associated with GD, particularly ATD use, is sparse and limited to the US, northern Europe, and China. Long-term real-world evidence studies are necessary to fully capture the economic burden of GD.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2025-05, ISPOR 2025, Montréal, Quebec, CA
Value in Health, Volume 28, Issue S1
Code
EE62
Topic
Economic Evaluation
Topic Subcategory
Cost/Cost of Illness/Resource Use Studies
Disease
SDC: Diabetes/Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders (including obesity)