These case studies involve the use of real-world data (RWD) and evidence to improve healthcare practices, decision-making, and patient outcomes. The studies address challenges in increasing the uptake of biosimilar medicines, collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs), evaluating the quality of RWD in economic evaluations, and utilizing RWD to assess the effectiveness of treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The stakeholders involved are healthcare organizations, government agencies, HTA agencies, and industry, with an emphasis on collaboration and evidence-based decision-making.