Abstract

Objectives

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), holds significant promise for health economics and outcomes research (HEOR). However, standardized reporting guidance for LLM-assisted research is lacking. This article introduces the ELEVATE-GenAI framework and checklist—reporting guidelines specifically designed for HEOR studies involving LLMs.

Methods

The framework was developed through a targeted literature review of existing reporting guidelines, AI evaluation frameworks, and expert input from the ISPOR Working Group on Generative AI. It comprises 10 domains—including model characteristics, accuracy, reproducibility, and fairness and bias. The accompanying checklist translates the framework into actionable reporting items. To illustrate its use, the framework was applied to 2 published HEOR studies: one focused on a systematic literature review tasks and the other on economic modeling.

Results

The ELEVATE-GenAI framework offers a comprehensive structure for reporting LLM-assisted HEOR research, while the checklist facilitates practical implementation. Its application to the 2 case studies demonstrates its relevance and usability across different HEOR contexts.

Conclusions

Although the framework provides robust reporting guidance, further empirical testing is needed to assess its validity, completeness, usability, and generalizability across diverse HEOR use cases.