OBJECTIVES: A large number of patients with type 2 diabetes require application of insulin in the course of the disease. Because of increasing application of basal analogues in the therapy, the purpose of this paper is to compare the efficiency of application of insulin glargine with NPH insulin. METHODS: At Endocrinology Clinic in Nis patients were observed who previously received NPH insulin once a day and then switched to glargine therapy once a day. Glycemia values were analyzed expressed in mmol/L and HbA1C in %. Laboratory values of glycemic status were observed before the application of glargine insulin and after its three-month application. At the same time records were kept concerning diabetes complications, associated diseases and oral anti-diabetics therapy. RESULTS: In the 2003-2006 period there was a 32% increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy. This research included 57 patients in total. The average fasting glycemia value in patients on NPH insulin was 10.4mmol/L while HbA1C level was 9.8%. After three months of application of glargine insulin the average fasting glycemia value was 7.9 mmol/L and HbA1C was 7.4%. The average reduction of HbA1C in three months of application of insulin glargine was 1.8%(p>0.001). The most commonly registered complications of diabetic patients were retinopathy (58%) and neuropathy (67%). The most commonly associated disease with diabetes was hypertension (35%). Along with insulin therapy, the most commonly used oral diabetics are from sulfonylurea group (46%) and biguanidines (51%). CONCLUSION: Based on performed researches and received results we can conclude that the application of insulin glargine is more efficient compared to insulin NPH because it achieves better glyco-regulation therapy slowing and delaying diabetes complications.