OBJECTIVES: To conduct a prognostic evaluation of the total cost of treatment of DM T2 and its complications, to estimate the economic effectiveness of the use of insulin glargine. METHODS: At stage 1, the costs of treatment of 500 patients in DM T2 from 15 regions of Russia were studied. At stage 2, the predicted prevalence of complications over 10-year time interval and their cost was calculated by the Diabetes Mellitus Model (DMM) using. At stage 3, the total cost of treatment of DM T2 patients in Russia based on the State Register of Diabetes Patients at the moment of the study and prospectively at the 10th year from the start was calculated. The method of cash flow discounting according to the formula á=1/ (1+ ri )i was used, where á is the discounting coefficient, i is the consecutive number of the period, and ri is the discounting rate in the i-th period in fractions of a unit. RESULTS: According to data of previous comparative studies, the use of insulin glargine leads to reach a lower level of HbA1c versus NPH insulins, and this difference amounts to 0.85%. Taking into account these data, decreases in the predicted prevalence at the end of the 10-year period pro-vided that insulin glargine was used, in comparison to NPH insulin, would amount to 18% for mi-crovascular complications, 25% for chronic renal insufficiency, 10% for macrovascular complica-tions, 13% for myocardial infarction; 22% for diabetic foot syndrome, and 12% for mortality. The annual costs of treatment of complications in DM T2 patients in Russia should decrease by US$246.7 million. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the human insulin analogue insulin glargine in treatment of DM T2 patients allows the cost of treatment to be decreased mainly due to a decrease in expenditures on treatment of complications.