OBJECTIVE: To examine barriers to pharmaceutical care in Thailand. METHODS: The study had a cross-sectional and descriptive design. Data were obtained from a survey of a random sample of 600 hospital and community pharmacists across the country. The survey was developed to measure barriers to the provision of pharmaceutical care from the hospital and community pharmacists' perception using 5-point Likert scales (1 = ‘strongly disagree' to 5 = ‘strongly agree'). Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. RESULTS: The response rate was 53.2%; with hospital pharmacists comprised 78.4% of all respondents. The majority of respondents had one to five years in patient care pharmacy practice. The Cronbach alpha of study measure for the pharmacists' perception of barriers to pharmaceutical care was 0.83. The pharmacists agreed that lack of data on the proven value of providing pharmaceutical care, lack of therapeutic knowledge and clinical problem-solving skills, and lack of role model who provides pharmaceutical care deterred them from providing pharmaceutical care. On the other hand, lack of opportunities for face-to-face encounters with patients, lack of patient demand and acceptance of pharmaceutical care, and other health care providers' resistance did not greatly prevent them from providing pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS: Even though pharmaceutical care has been adopted to pharmacy practice and documented to prevent drug-related problems in Thailand for a number of years, the pharmacists still perceived that insufficient evidence supporting the value of providing pharmaceutical care existed. To remove the barriers, besides an increase in therapeutic knowledge, and clinical skills, more evidence of the proven value of providing pharmaceutical care and role models for pharmaceutical care are also needed.