OBJECTIVES: To assess patient persistency in maintaining treatment for Overactive Bladder (OAB). METHODS: Patients initiating therapy on oxybutynin or tolterodine, immediate or extended release, were tracked for 12-months, using a retail pharmacy database. Five persistency classification categories were created to evaluate persistency as follows: on therapy, discontinued/no switch, discontinued/switched to one of the other previously listed medications, reinitiated initial therapy, and off therapy. Measurements included tracking the percent of patients within each persistency classification category, total therapy days, and prescriptions dispensed for all medications. RESULTS: The percentage of patients that discontinued their current therapy and did not switch to another OAB therapy was 46.9% at month three. By month four, more than half of all patients were off therapy (55.4%). The percentage of patients off therapy increased each month and reached 81.6% by the end of twelve months. The percentage of patients that were switched to another OAB medication did not exceed 3% in any month, nor did the percentage of patients who reinitiated their initial therapy surpass 3% in any month. The mean length of therapy was approximately 86 days, with an average days supply of 30. Approximately half of all patients were dispensed only one medication during the twelve-month period. CONCLUSIONS: Patient persistency with any currently marketed medications for OAB remains poor, with less than 20% of study patients remaining on therapy after one year.