OBJECTIVE: Neurogenic bladder is a condition that involves bladder dysfunction caused due to damage to any part of the nervous system. Patients with neurogenic bladder encounter difficulties such as bladder overactivity, urinary incontinence, and urge incontinence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of neurogenic bladder in patients with different neurological conditions. METHODS: A thorough literature search was performed using MEDLINE and other databases such as HAPI, OVID, and ScienceDirect. Information related to neurogenic bladder, specifically estimates of proportion of patients suffering from neurogenic bladder was obtained from this search. Articles that were published between the years 1995-2004 were included. Percentages obtained from the literature were combined with prevalence data of various neurologic disorders available on National Center for Health Statistics website to obtain estimated number of patients with different neurologic conditions suffering from neurogenic bladder. RESULTS: Neurogenic bladder is found to be most prevalent in patients with Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Traumatic Brain injury, Dementia, Spinal Cord injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Spina Bifida and paralysis. It is found to be prevalent in more than half of patients suffering from Stroke which is estimated to be more than two million. Its prevalence in Parkinson's patients varies widely between 0.2 -0.7 million (27-70%). Occurrence of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic bladder in patients with Dementia was 11-90%, an estimate of approximately 0.2-1.5 million, depending on the setting in which the patients are treated. Bladder overactivity has been detected in 50-90% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis and in 95% of patients with Spina Bifida, together accounting for an estimated half million patients. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of bladder dysfunction in patients suffering with nervous system disorder in the US. Further research should focus on obtaining more precise estimates using a national level data to determine trends of neurogenic bladder.