OBJECTIVE: Beta-blockers have provided evidence of improving survival in chronic heart failure patients. Specifically, the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II has shown a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity among patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure treated with bisoprolol. Our aim was to investigate the economic consequence of bisoprolol therapy in chronic heart failure patients in Italy. METHODS: Data were derived from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II trial. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, comparing standard care with bisoprolol vs standard care with placebo in the perspective of the Italian National Health Service. We identified and quantified medical costs: drug costs according to the Italian National Therapeutic Formulary; specialist visits for initiation and up-titration of bisoprolol therapy and hospitalizations were quantified based on the Italian National Health Service tariffs (2005). Effects were measured in terms of mortality and morbidity reduction (number of deaths, life years gained and frequency of hospitalizations).We considered an observational period of 1.3 years, i.e. the average follow-up recorded in the trial.Discounting was not performed because of the relatively short follow-up of patients. We conducted one and multi-way sensitivity analyses on unit cost and effectiveness. We also conducted a threshold analysis. RESULTS: The overall cost of care per 1.000 patients treated for 1.3 years was estimated in € 2,075,548 in the bisoprolol group and in € 2,396,265 in the placebo group, resulting in a net saving of € 320,718. The number of additional patients alive with bisoprolol was 55 per 1.000 patients, the number of life years gained was 36 at 1.3 year.CONCLUSIONS: Bisoprolol therapy is dominant since it is both less costly and more effective than standard care. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that bisoprolol therapy remains dominant even to changes in unit cost of drug and hospitalizations.