OBJECTIVES::  Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and it is consider endemic in tropical regions, such as Brazil. Vaccination is highly recommended. Although Brazil successfully controlled urban transmission in the 1940s through vector control and vaccination, the re-establishment of Aedes aegypti in urban areas has resulted in sporadic epidemics of urban yellow fever. Therefore, since 1999, yellow fever has re-emerged in parts of Brazil that had been silent for several decades. Based on this background, this study aims to stablish the relation between yellow fever outbreaks and the number of vaccines in 19 years. METHODS::  The total number of vaccines provided between January 1998 and March 2017 was searched in Brazilian Public database (Tabnet). Three major outbreaks of yellow fever in Brazil were considered: 1999-2000, 2008 and 2017, based on the registers of Brazilian Ministry of Health. The annual Brazilian population was provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. RESULTS::  The mean number of vaccination at non-outbreaks years in Brazil was approximately 6.5 million/year, corresponding to 3.1% of the Brazilian current population. Between 1999 and 2000, 76 cases were reported and 22.1% of the 2000 Brazilian population were vaccinated. This result corresponds to an increase of 700% in relation to the annual mean of vaccination. In 2008 (n=46 cases), an increase of approximately 290% in the number of people vaccinated was seen. Nowadays, a greater increase is expected. In the first quarter of 2017, about 6.6 million vaccines were provided, overtaking the annual mean. CONCLUSIONS::  A relation between the increasing number of vaccines and the number of yellow fever was shown. Although vaccination schedules are intended for disease prevention, the Tabnet analysis showed that outbreaks were probably the real motivation for increasing the number of doses applied.