OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate the epidemiological data on health care recorded as sexual abuse against women in Brazil in 2016. METHODS:: Healthcare registered as sexual abuse against women came from the Brazilian Outpatient Information System (SIA/SUS) database. Procedures were selected from ICD-10 codes (T74.2, Y05, Z61.4, Z61.5 and Z04.4), only for female, for 2016. In order to compare information from database, a gray literature search was performed to find other sources of rape or sexual violence numbers against women in Brazil. RESULTS:: In 2016, 11,389 outpatient procedures were registered with the selected ICDs. The most commonly affected age groups accounted for 29.28%, 16.93%, 10.77%, 10.33% and 10.27%, represented by 10-14 years, 15-19, 6-9, 20-24 and 0-5 years, respectively. For the geographical division, the North region was responsible for the larger number of visits (26.74%), followed by South (25.29%), Southeast (23.21%) and Central West (6.68%). The state with the largest participation was Tocantins (21.39%). The most reported ICD was T74.2 (sexual abuse), in 71.21% of cases. The most accomplished procedure was the "multiprofessional service for attention to people in situation of sexual violence" (84.46%), followed by hepatitis C serology (6.63%). As gray literature, the Brazilian Public Safety Yearbook showed 45,460 cases of rape per year in the country, 89% of which are women (40,459) and reported only in 35% of cases (14,161), in 2015. CONCLUSIONS:: More than 77% of clinical care in Brazil registered as sexual abuse against women occur under the age of 24 years. The number of hospital visits is below the expected, showing that in addition to potential registration errors, many women choose not to seek health care in this situation. Acute treatment is very important and able to avoid diseases development. More campaigns are needed to encourage the search for healthcare directed to victims, as a public health measure.