OBJECTIVES::  In the last decade, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) organisations in Latin America have continued to evolve as key stakeholders in the healthcare decision-making continuum. While healthcare systems, health policy priorities, and implementation of HTA processes vary between countries, HTA appraisals from various agencies for a product in a specific indication are often centered on similar clinical trial evidence and country-specific economic data submitted by manufacturers. This study aimed to understand recent decisions and recommendations for novel oncology medications by HTA agencies in Latin America and compare important characteristics with corresponding appraisals issued in Canada and the UK. METHODS::  Publicly available HTA appraisals from Latin America for oncology medications published since January 2012 were reviewed (original language) and summarized by decision, date, reimbursement criteria/covered patient population, supporting data and rationale. HTA reports and most comprehensive information were available in Brazil, Columbia and Uruguay so these were retained for this assessment. Matching HTA appraisals from Canada (pCODR) and UK (NICE) for these same medications were reviewed for extraction and analysis. RESULTS::  Within the 5-year timeframe observed, 22 HTA assessments were identified for 10 oncology treatments (1-4 indications/medication). Limited parallel assessments (similar medications and indications reviewed concurrently by different HTAs) were found. Nearly half (45%) of the HTA decisions were negative due to limited clinical evidence or uncertainty around cost-effectiveness. Overall timelines for HTA processes were variable and often unclear. While manufacturers may also submit sequentially to different countries, the availability of decisions varied significantly between continents, with Latin American HTA decisions rendered on average 25 and 50 months after pCODR and NICE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS::  Significant differences in the timing of HTA decisions, nuances in the indications chosen for submission, along with challenging success rates and reimbursement criteria, highlight the growing importance of the HTA hurdle for oncology medications in Latin America.