OBJECTIVES:: To describe the frequency of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), obesity and overweight of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of private health insurance plans in Brazil. METHODS:: Analysis of data from Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde-2013 (PNS-2013), a population-based cross-sectional household survey conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The interviewee was asked if any doctor had already given the diagnosis of the NCDs. Obesity (body mass index, BMI≥30) and overweight (25.0<BMI<29.9) were assessed. Differences between NCDs of private health insurance beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were evaluated using the Chi-square test. RESULTS:: According to the PNS, 28% (N=55,985,271) of population had private health insurance in Brazil in 2013 (Southeast: 55.66 %; South: 16.86%; Northeast: 15.43%; Midwest: 8.08%; North: 3.97%). Among beneficiaries, 22.26% (IC95% 21.11-23.41) had arterial hypertension, 6.75% (IC95% 6.05-7.45) diabetes and 15.52% (IC95% 14.55-16.50) hypercholesterolemia. In comparison, 21.03% (IC95% 20.36-21.70) of non-beneficiaries had arterial hypertension, 6.01% (IC 95% 5.61-6.41) diabetes and 11.25% (IC95% 10.72-11.78) hypercholesterolemia. For all analysis, p-value was less than 0.01. More than one third of Brazilian population was overweight (beneficiaries: 37.57%; IC95% 36.14-39.01 and non-beneficiaries: 33.79%; IC95% 32.79-34.80; p<0.01) and proportion of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries who was obese was 18.79% (IC95% 17.63-19.95) and 18.60% (IC95% 17.75-19.45; p-value<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:: Higher proportion of beneficiaries had arterial hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia when compared with non-beneficiaries. Although differences of proportion of hypertension and diabetes between both populations were statistically significant, they are very small. More than half of Brazilian population were obese or overweight in 2013, mainly beneficiaries. NCDs and overweight are becoming one of the main public health issues in Brazil and policies for their prevention and control should be implemented.