OBJECTIVES: In China, approximately 70% of insulin users utilize premix formulations. This study was to evaluate premix use in China and the associated glycaemic outcomes in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Using the Adelphi™ T2DM Disease Specific Programme, we examined 279 patients aged ≥18years with T2DM receiving premix insulin. To examine the association between insulin dose and glycaemic control, we analyzed 140 patients whose dose was maintained for at least 3month longer than their HbA1c tests, without any insulin secretagogue use, and total daily insulin dose ≥ 0.2 units/kg according to the premix initial dose recommendation of the Chinese Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Guideline. A multivariate logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders was applied to assess the association. RESULTS: Among 279 premix users, the mean (±SD) age was 58.3±11.8 years and 46.6% were male. The median (1^st - 3^rd quartile) time since diabetes diagnosis was 3 (2 - 6) years. Premix BID was used by most patients (76.7%), followed by premix QD (17.2%) and premix TID (6.1%). The median total daily insulin dose was 0.37 (0.18 - 0.53) units/kg. As recorded from the most recent HbA1c result, 36.0% of patients were in glycaemic control (HbA1c <7%). A total of 140 patients were included in the analysis to examine the association between insulin dose and glycaemic control. The logistic regression revealed that for those patients taking total daily insulin of at least 0.2 units/kg, the odds of being in better glycaemic control increased by a factor of 1.31 for each additional 0.1 unit/kg of insulin therapy utilized [95% CI was (1.03, 1.67), p=0.029]. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that under-dosing of premix insulin may be a factor contributing to sub-optimal glycaemic control among patients with T2DM in China. More detailed prospective studies are warranted to further explore this relationship.