OBJECTIVES: According to GLOBOSCAN 2012 and WHO, 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred worldwide in 2012. In Brazil, the incidence of the disease is also increasing as population ages, with 576,000 new cases of cancer expected in 2015. Despite the significant impact of disease and need for monitoring and prevention, epidemiological and economic data that would help decision markers to evaluate unmet needs are still scarce. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological aspects; economic impact and treatment patterns in a private health insurance plan with approximately 150,000 lives.  METHODS: We retrieved data from Evidências-Kantar Health private market administrative claims database from June 2012 to June 2013. After patient de-identification, data on diagnosis, type of drug, and line-of-treatment were collected. All ICDs and treatment patterns were reviewed by an oncologist. Health economist specialists priced the treatments (ex-factory price) in order to assess the budgetary impact. Only oncologic drug costs were considered – antiemetics, corticosteroids and equipment were not included). Exchange rate was 1USD=3.25BRL. RESULTS: A total of 150 new cases of cancer were retrieved from the database. Median age was 59.5years (3 – 89) and body surface 1.775 m (0.72 – 2.3). The five most prevalent cancers were breast (19%), colon (15%), prostate (11%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (7%) and lung neoplasm (5%). The budget impact for cancer treatments was USD 1,464,958, (most impacting diseases: USD436,908 for breast, USD428,90 for colorectal and USD177,131 for non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Considering the average cost per patient treated, kidney (USD27,970), colon (USD19,495) and brain cancer (USD17,809) were the most expensive ones. Treatment pattern will be described in details in tables. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing incidence of cancer and its costly treatments are significantly affecting the economic sustainability of the healthcare sector. This study maps the most prevalent and costly cancer treatments under a private insurance perspective in Brazil.