OBJECTIVES: To examine the mortality and medical cost during the first and second year following fractures among elder women by different age groups. METHODS: Using the inpatient and outpatient database of National Health Insurance to define new hip fracture (ICD9 code 820, 733.14), vertebral fracture (ICD9 code 805, 806, 733.13), wrist fracture (ICD9 code 813, 733.12) and other fracture (ICD9 code 807, 808, 810, 811, 812, 821, 823, 733.10, 733.11, 733.15, 733.16, 733.19) cases from 2006 to 2009. We divided age into ten groups between 50-100 years. The HR of mortality and the incremental costs compared to the population without any fracture history in each group were estimated by cox proportional survival model and generalized linear model. RESULTS: The HR of mortality after hip fracture in each group ranged from 19.67 to 1.43 while after vertebral fracture ranged from 5.60 to 1.11. The extra costs (in NTD) of hip fracture during first year in each group were NT$178 535, NT$158 831, NT$184 334, NT$190 206, NT$179 261, NT$160 565, NT$136 195, NT$136 194, NT$110 476, NT$41 194. In the second year, the extra costs of hip and clinical vertebral fracture were NT$221 036 and NT$135 912, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hip and vertebral fractures result in significant mortality and costs. These results indicate potential benefits from interventions aimed at reducing fracture incidences.