OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study is to examine how unmet needs, defined as prevalence rates, treatment rates, and quality of life, compare across the ten most common conditions in Brazil. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Brazil 2011 and 2012 National Health and Wellness Surveys (NHWS; N=24,000).  The Brazil NHWS is a self-reported nationally representative patient survey of the adult Brazilian population (aged 18+), weighted to correct for any socioeconomic sampling bias.   Among the 10 most prevalent conditions in Brazil, prevalence, treatment rates, and health utilities (using the SF-6D algorithm from the Short Form-12v2) were examined. RESULTS: Of the conditions respondents reported being diagnosed with, eight had prevalence rates greater than 15% (only restless leg syndrome (RLS) at 4.74% and arthritis at 4.25% were not among the top ten conditions). Despite these prevalence rates, only patients with hypertension (treatment rate=68.48%) reported a treatment rate greater than 50%. The remaining treatment rates generally varied between 19.30% (insomnia) and 40.47% (high cholesterol); patients with RLS reported the lowest treatments rates of all the top ten conditions (1.93%). Indeed, many of the debilitating conditions with respect to health utilities had particularly suboptimal treatment rates: depression (health utilities=0.606; treatment rate=39.00%), anxiety (health utilities=0.639; treatment rate=23.88%), and insomnia (health utilities=0.640; treatment rate=19.30%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite high prevalence rates for a variety of chronic conditions, treatment rates in Brazil are particularly poor. One of the exceptions was hypertension, which may be related to the Farmacia Popular do Brasil, which allows for the free distribution of medicines for hypertensive and diabetic patients.  However, many conditions, particularly psychiatric ones, were associated with both poor treatment rates as well as significant decrements in health utilities. From a public health perspective, more emphasis should be placed on the importance of proper chronic disease management in Brazil.