OBJECTIVES: Estimate the potential clinical effect of HPV vaccination with a bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine in Asian countries including the effect of cross-protection against non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types. METHODS: A static population model estimates the expected annual number of cervical cancer cases (CC) and deaths prevented by HPV vaccination of 12 year old girls in Asian countries (WHO classes) at steady state. Input data are, for each country, the incident CC cases and deaths (GLOBOCAN 2002), the distribution of HPV types in CC (www.who.int/hpvcentre) and the clinical trial vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ related to HPV-16/18 and HPV-31,45,33,52,58,35,39,51,56,59 combined (cross-protection). Lifetime vaccine protection is assumed. The effect of vaccination coverage and the use of alternative estimates for countries without sufficient data are explored. RESULTS: Of 47 countries, sufficient country-specific input data are available for 8 (China, Japan, Iran, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Philippines). The model predicts that, with 100% vaccine coverage, the HPV-16/18 CC and death reduction ranges from 57% (Japan: -4421 cases; -2032 deaths) to 74% (Thailand: -4627 cases ; -1942 deaths) while cross-protection related CC and death reduction ranges from 9% (Iran; -102 cases, -53 deaths) to 27% (Japan; -2073 cases; -953 deaths). The overall reduction ranged from 78% (Iran: -873 cases, -454 deaths) to 89% (Indonesia: -13,375 cases; -6,724 deaths; Thailand -5,534 cases; -2,323 deaths). With 70% vaccine coverage the CC cases prevented ranges from 611 to 80,052 and CC deaths prevented from 318 to 44,921 for Iran and India respectively. Eastern, south-eastern, southern Asia and Asia continent distributions are available and can be used as a proxy for countries without sufficient HPV data. CONCLUSIONS: Modelling predicts HPV vaccination with a bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine could result in substantial reductions in CC cases and deaths in Asian countries. Cross-protection could play an important role in this reduction.