Considerable confusions have resulted from changes of treatment goals in a number of new guidelines, based on limited and conflicting evidence that comes from randomized clinical trials. To assess the individualized treatment goals (HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-C) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-world settings. METHODS: US Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic medical records database was extracted between January 2005 and December 2015. Adult T2DM patients (>18 years old) who had ≥2-year enrollment and ≥2 HbA1c, LDL-C and BP lab tests were selected. Patients with history of complications were excluded. Second-degree polynomial and splines were applied in the longitudinal regression models to identify heterogeneity of treatment goals in their associations with risk of diabetes related complications and mortality. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and medication use patterns were controlled in the regression models. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS: Individualized treatment goals were identified for diabetes management in the US veterans. In addition to meeting general ADA recommended goals for better quality of care and population health management, health system may identify individualized treatment goals for their own patients with T2DM.