OBJECTIVES:  To examine the economic burden and health care utilization of Prostate Cancer (PC) in the US Department of Defense population. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with PC (International Classification of Diseases, 9^th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code: 185) were identified using DoD data from 01OCT2010-31OCT2015. The first diagnosis date was designated as the index date. A comparison cohort was created for patients without PC but of the same age, gender, race, index year, and with similar baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. The index date was chosen randomly for the comparison cohort to minimize selection bias. Patients in the disease and control cohorts were required to have continuous medical and pharmacy benefits for 1 year before and 1 year after the index date. Study outcomes, including health care costs and utilization, were compared between the disease and comparison cohorts using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) and were adjusted for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Eligible patients (N=14,428) with and without PC were identified. After 1:1 PSM matching, 6,378 patients were identified in each cohort; the baseline characteristics were well balanced. Patients with PC had a greater mean number of inpatient (0.48 vs 0.16; p<0.001), emergency room (ER) (0.63 vs 0.45, p<0.001), ambulatory (30.13 vs 14.88; p<0.001) and pharmacy (17.12 vs. 13.68, p<0.001) visits. Higher all-cause health care costs were also observed for PC patients, including mean inpatient ($6,275 vs $2,302; p<0.001), ER ($439 vs. $315; p<0.001), ambulatory ($14,376 vs $4,860; p<0.001), pharmacy ($1,095 vs. $1,036; p=0.414), and total costs ($22,185 vs $8,513; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:  During a 12-month period, DoD beneficiaries diagnosed with PC had higher health care utilization and costs than their matched controls.