OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the annual direct non-medical costs of patients with trachea, bronchus and lung (TBL) cancer in Russia in 2015 from the social perspective. METHODS: Direct non-medical costs were calculated for subgroups of TBL patients, stratified by the stages of cancer process using the cost-of-illness modeling. Total direct costs included disability pension and temporary social disability payments due to TBL cancer. Parameters of the model were obtained from the number of sources: National statistic surveillance system and National vital registration system (Federal State Statistics Service), National cancer registry, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, expert survey and metadata from the literature sources. The data was extracted according to the triangulation-combining method. The assessment of direct non-medical costs was made by the bottom-up costing approach. RESULTS: The total annual direct non-medical costs of patients with TBL cancer in Russia in 2015 were about $67.8 million ($506 per patient). Disability support pension payments were about $65.5 million (97% of direct non-medical costs), while temporary social disability payments were about $2.3 million (3% of direct non-medical costs). The total costs by newly diagnosed patients ($20.6 million) were in 2.3 times lower than for the patients diagnosed in previous years ($47.2 million). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the economic study demonstrate that TBL cancer impose a considerable economic burden on the economic system of Russian Federation. The support pension payments almost equal the total direct non-medical costs. These findings demonstrate the importance of further development and improving the TBL cancer treatment approaches and care of patients with disability due to TBL cancer.