OBJECTIVES:  To measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to explore its determinants in a HIV/AIDS patients sample at a health insurer. METHODS:  A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed out with the application of EuroQol 5 dimensions system (EQ-5D-5L) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Proportional non - probabilistic sampling was carried out, with distribution in 8 cities. Clinical data were obtained from medical history and sociodemographic data through an annex to the survey. HRQL index values were obtained based on the literature. A Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the dependent variables (EQ-5D-5L index and mean EQ-VAS). The means were compared by stratum among clinical and sociodemographic variables using the Kruskal-Wallis test. IBM-SPSS 22® statistical package was used. RESULTS:  Analyzable data were obtained from 265 patients. The mean (SD) of EQ-5D-5L index was 0.95 (0.09) and the EQ-VAS 86.99 (16.10). We obtained 59 health states and the most frequent were 11111 (48.30%) followed by 11112 (6.04%). The correlation between the dependent variables was positive (r = 0.53). The mean EQ-5D-5L index was lower as age increased. HRQOL values between clinical variables were not different, while at socio-demographic level showed significant differences (p <0.05) by socioeconomic stratum with a EQ-5D-5L index 0.92 (0.11) in stratum 1, and 0.97 (0.04) in strata 3 to 5; while in employment the mean EQ-VAS was 75.33 (25.25) in unemployed and 90.08 (11.71) in dependent employees. CONCLUSIONS:  Regarding the clinical conditions of the patients, there were no significant differences in HRQOL, however, this analysis suggests that sociodemographic conditions such as employment and income affect the well-being of these patients. It is recommended to carry out complementary studies to evaluate the validity and psychometric properties of EQ-5D-5L in this population.