OBJECTIVES: To compare demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care costs among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) augmenting metformin monotherapy with dapagliflozin versus glipizide using a large administrative claims database. METHODS:  Patients in the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits databases with a prescription for dapagliflozin or glipizide on or after January 1, 2014, were identified (date of first observed prescription termed index date). Patients were required to have metformin monotherapy for ≥30 days pre-index date, concomitant metformin and dapagliflozin/glipizide for ≥30 days post-index date, 12 months pre- and post-index date continuous health plan enrollment, ≥1 T2D diagnosis, and no diagnoses of gestational or type 1 diabetes. Dapagliflozin patients were matched 1:1 to glipizide patients using propensity scores. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and all-cause health care costs during the 12 months post-index date were reported. RESULTS:  A total of 364 dapagliflozin patients were matched to 364 glipizide patients. Mean (SD) patient age and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were 53.7(8.6) years and 2.5(1.5) among dapagliflozin patients and 54.3(10.5) years and 2.6(1.6) among glipizide patients. A total of 54.4% of dapagliflozin and 62.1% of glipizide patients were women, and 27.5% of dapagliflozin and 31.6% of glipizide patients had a diagnosis of obesity at any point during the pre- or post-index date period. Mean (SD) all-cause medical (excluding pharmacy) costs during the 12-month post-index date period were $5,278($11,455) among dapagliflozin patients versus $10,013($34,885) among glipizide patients (P=0.015), while pharmacy costs were $6,387($11,353) among dapagliflozin patients versus $4,003($12,752) among glipizide patients (P=0.008). Mean (SD) total all-cause costs during the 12-month post-index date period were $11,665($17,526) among dapagliflozin patients and $14,016($41,597) among glipizide patients (P=0.322). CONCLUSIONS:  Despite similar demographic and clinical characteristics, dapagliflozin patients accrued statistically significantly lower medical and numerically lower total costs compared with glipizide patients.