OBJECTIVES: Several health-related and professional organizations have developed frameworks to assess the value of oncology drugs in a systematic and transparent manner. This research intends to identify such tools and gain a better understanding of their similarities and differences. METHODS: Non-systematic literature and online searches were conducted to identify these value frameworks and to obtain information about their methodologies and perceived strengths and limitations. RESULTS: Seven tools were deemed relevant and investigated in detail. The PASKWIL criteria were introduced in the Netherlands in 2000 and the Cancer Drugs Funds prioritization tool has been used in the United Kingdom for a few years. Frameworks that have emerged in 2015 include the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (in Europe) and the ASCO Value Framework, the NCCN Evidence Blocks, the MSKCC DrugAbacus, and the ICER Value Framework (in the United States). Some of these tools intend to facilitate patient and physician decision-making (PASKWIL, ASCO, NCCN), whereas the others aim to influence policy-making or price negotiations. There is no consensus in the literature or public discussion about what dimensions should be taken into account to assess value, how they should be incorporated, or how much weight each of them should be given. Several of the tools only use results from comparative trials and restrict the inclusion of data from single-arm or real-world studies. Some frameworks are based on scoring processes that involve either expert opinion or arbitrary cut-off values. The limitation highlighted by commentators most frequently, however, is that the frameworks are not sufficiently patient-centered, as quality-of-life measurements, patient-reported outcomes, and patient preferences are rarely included or not given much weight. CONCLUSIONS: These frameworks significantly vary in terms of target audience, methodology, development stage, and value assigned to therapies. It remains to be seen whether the approaches will converge in the future.