OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess trends in prices of anticancer drugs in different OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and to examine the impact of the specific regulations on the pricing strategies. This study also analyzed price differences across anticancer drugs across selected OECD countries. METHODS: We start to collect the anticancer drugs authorized by EMA between January 2000 and December 2013 covering a total of 56 drugs. Then, we selected the countries according to their prices regulations (United States (US) and Germany where the pharmaceutical companies freely set their prices. France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain prices are regulated by negotiation.  UK and Australia who use a formal economic evaluation to set the prices).  All prices were in Euro. The costs per cycle for patient were calculated. The relative difference in costs between US and other countries were calculated. Descriptive statistics were performed.  RESULTS: The numbers of anticancer drugs were: 49 in France, 56 in Germany, 51 in UK, 50 in the US, 44 in Switzerland, 50 in Italy, 48 in Spain, and 39 in Australia. In 2013 across all countries in the study, the highest median cost per cycle (€6,343.58) was in the US and lowest (€2,957.09) was in Spain. Comparing the anticancer drug prices in the US with other countries, the highest difference was in Spain (60%) and the lowest was in Italy (40%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the level of pricing disparities, in most cases, may reflect the differences in the health system regulations but caution must be exercised. More studies using an econometrics approach are needed to allow us to highlight the determinants of these disparities.