OBJECTIVES: Limited information is currently available on the hospitalization burden associated with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), which is a severely disabling neurological condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the patient, hospital and discharge level characteristics associated with length of stay (LOS), total charges, mortality and receipt of treatment (intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis (PE) therapy) during CIDP hospitalization. METHODS: Discharges of patients with CIDP age ≥18 years were identified from the 2010-2012 pooled Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP-NIS) database. CIDP-related hospitalizations were matched with 4 control hospitalizations based on age and gender. PROC SURVEYREG was used to determine predictors of LOS and total charges. PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC was used to determine predictors of death and CIDP treatment (IVIg or PE). Study analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: There were 31,451 (weighted) records of CIDP hospitalization in US from 2010-2012. A higher proportion of CIDP-related hospitalizations occurred in urban (93%), large (70%), and private non-profit (79.5%) hospitals, respectively. Roughly 18% discharge visits involved receipt of IVIg or PE treatment. CIDP-related hospitalizations were associated with 50% longer LOS and higher total charges as compared to matched non-CIDP related hospitalizations. Mean hospital charge associated with CIDP-related hospitalization was $68,231.  The total economic burden of CIDP hospitalizations was $2.1 billion from 2010-2012. Patient's age, hospital bed-size, location and teaching status, discharge to long term care or skilled nursing facilities, presence of complications, administration of IVIG or PE therapy, higher diagnosis and procedures on records emerged significant predictors of hospitalization outcomes among discharges with CIDP diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although CIDP is a rare disease, it is associated with significant hospitalization burden.