OBJECTIVES: Warfarin is well-established for preventing and treating thromboembolic diseases, but their use necessitates frequent monitoring owing a narrow therapeutic window and known interaction with various foods and drugs, that result in substantial risk of bleeding. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are more effective than warfarin in preventing several thromboembolic conditions, have fewer drug interactions, and likely have fewer adverse events (AEs). Our study aimed to analyze the impact of treatment with NOACs versuswarfarin in Brazilian Private Health System (PHS).  METHODS: Were identified patients submitted to cardiovascular procedures in treatment with NOACs (apixaban, dagibatran and rivaroxaban) or warfarin, in monotherapy, between January 2014 and December 2014, using a PHS database containing over 18 million lives. Were analyzed the total hospitalization costs (all treatments) as well as the average length of hospital stays and the percentage of AEs.  RESULTS: Were identified 2.200 patients submitted to cardiovascular procedures, in which, 36 were in apixaban treatment (AT), 294 in dabigatran treatment (DT), 1.623 in rivaroxaban treatment (RT) vs 247 in warfarin treatment (WT). Total hospitalization costs, considering all treatments, were BRL 125.443,77 (AT=BRL 25.197,91; DT=BRL 31.171,43; RT=BRL 33.566,90; WT=BRL 35.507,53 per patient) and the averages of length of hospital stays per treatment were 8,31 days  to AT (p<0.001), 10,28 days  to DT and 11,07 days to RT (p<0.0001) versus 11,71 days  to WT (p<0.0001). Percentages of AEs were 8,3% to AT (p=0.43200), 9,5% to DT (p=0.14365) and 12% to RT versus 13% to WT.  CONCLUSIONS: Considering total hospitalizations costs, WT appears to be most expensive than NOACs, especially versus AT (29%>). Therefore, use of NOACs may have potential to reduce costs in PHS, due to a reduction of length of hospital stay and a lowest occurrence of AEs.