OBJECTIVES: Drug toxicities and adverse events (AE) during cancer treatment present a significant economic burden to health systems. Post 2007 there has been no systematic review summarizing the costs of AEs related to chemotherapy. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide an updated understanding of the cost of AEs in cancer treatments in the US. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed. Selection criteria included studies published in the English language between January 2008 and October 2013, evaluating the cost of following AEs: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, nausea, peripheral neuropathy, sepsis, diarrhea and fatigue/asthenia, due to cancer treatment in the US. Costs were extracted for case and control cohorts (if available) and the cost difference between the cohorts was calculated to provide the additional cost due to the AEs. This difference in costs was then adjusted to 2013 USD. RESULTS: A total of 893 abstracts were screened, of which 15 unique studies were included. The distribution of studies reporting the selected AEs were: neutropenia (n=5), thrombocytopenia (n=3), vomiting (n=1), nausea/vomiting (n=4), peripheral neuropathy (n=1), sepsis (n=2), diarrhea (n=1) and fatigue/asthenia (n=1).  The studies reported inpatient, outpatient, or total healthcare costs, with different units including per patient, per-patient per-year (PPPY), per event or per episode. AE costs varied vastly; the per event cost ranged from $213 (outpatient) to $6,000 (inpatient) while the PPPY cost ranged from $9,800 (outpatient) to $21,000 (total healthcare costs). CONCLUSIONS: AEs commonly encountered in cancer treatment remain an expensive problem despite medical advances. In addition to the high cost of cancer treatment, the cost of managing AEs adds to the economic burden on patients, Payers, and society. This study highlights that the cost of AEs associated with cancer treatments are consistently high and consume a large portion of healthcare resources.