OBJECTIVES: As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than half of adults with high blood cholesterol level did not receive any treatment. Untreated high blood cholesterol can lead to coronary heart diseases. The primary objective of this study is to describe and contrast the socioeconomic factors between treated and untreated patients with hyperlipidemia. Secondary objective is to compare prescribed medicines expenditures between the two groups. METHODS: This study conducted cross-sectional secondary data analyses using 2012 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS). Study subjects consisted of US. civilian, non-institutionalized adults diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. Series of statistical comparisons on socioeconomic factors, and prescribed medicines expenditures and utilizations between hyperlipidemia patients with any FDA-approved lipid lowering agent and hyperlipidemia patients without lipid lowering agents. The Andersen Behavioral Model was applied to define the socioeconomic factors. SAS 9.3 statistical software was used for all analyses including sample weights and standard errors adjustments.  RESULTS: Approximately 19 million patients had high blood cholesterol related events in 2012. The average age of treatment group was older than the average age of no-treatment group, 64 and 62 years old respectively, (p<0.001). 95% of hyperlipidemia patients with high income had treatment, on the contrary, 93% of hyperlipidemia patients with near poor income had treatment. The average total prescription expenditures for patients with treatment was higher than patients without treatment, $3032 and $2509 respectively, (p<0.001).  CONCLUSIONS: The study findings showed substantial number of hyperlipidemia patients without treatment. Also there were some socioeconomic differences between treatment group and no-treatment group. Further research is recommended to understand the complex role of socioeconomic factors in hyperlipidemia therapy to make more effective policies and programs designed to improve treatment for one of the major chronic conditions in the United States.