OBJECTIVES: Immunobiologicals (IMB) should only be used as a second line treatment of rheumatic diseases because of its potential risks and high cost. This study aimed to outline the profile of IMB use by the analyses of pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic indicators derived from a cohort of rheumatic patients.  METHODS: This was a prospective observational exploratory study that analyzed data from the follow-up charts of 204 patients in treatment with IMB, previously authorized by rheumatologists and then monitored by a Pharmaceutical Auditing Clinical Management Program of a Health Insurance Provider in Fortaleza, Brazil, from March-2012 to September-2014. For the pharmacotherapeutic and economic analysis, the following indicators were used: "Most used IMB" " indication of the IMB therapy", "route of administration" and "direct cost". For calculation of the costs, the electronic source Brasíndice was used.  RESULTS: The most common indications for IMB use were rheumatoid arthritis 46.57 % (95/204) and ankylosing spondylitis 41.67% (85/204). The intravenous route (IV) was more frequent, 63 % (158/251), when compared to the subcutaneous (SC), 37 % (93/251).  The main IV IMB was infliximab, 37.27 % (81/251). The most used SC IMB and higher proportional increase prescriptive was adalimumab 15.94% (40/251). The IMB with higher direct cost was infliximab, U$ 41,147.52 per capita