ECONOMETRICS ANALYSIS OF NON-PRESCRIPTION MEDICINES EXPENDITURE AT COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN MALAYSIA
Author(s)
Mohamad Yahaya AH1, Shafie AA2, Hassali MA3
1Hospital Teluk Intan, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia, 2Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 3Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop the econometric model predicting the non-prescription medicines expenditure at community pharmacies in Malaysia METHODS: This study used data from 2009 Non-Prescription Medicines Utilization among Community Pharmacy Patrons in Malaysia (COMPACT1) and Sales of Non-Prescription Medicine in Community Pharmacy Malaysia (COMPACT2). The prices of non prescription medicines (NPM) in 2009 were updated to prices of 2014, based on Malaysian Consumer Price Index. There were four major components in the empirical model namely; socio-economic characteristics, health status, utilization behavior and community pharmacy data. The dependent variable was the logarithm function of expenditure for purchasing the NPM. Ordinary least square method on cross-sectional data was used to predict model of NPM among community pharmacy patrons. RESULTS: Twenty two percent (22.3%) of variation in NPM expenditure was explained by socio-economic characteristics, health status, utilization behavior, and community pharmacy data. Age, female, living at urban area, and had monthly household income more than RM3000 per month (~USD850) were found to have linear positive relationship with money spent. Those customers who had problem in pain or discomfort had 0.059 units lesser in expenditure of NPM. Number of medicines purchased, satisfaction towards price, usage frequency of medicines, and the ways of product selection were among variables in utilization behavior that had significant linear relationship with NPM. The community pharmacy data on the working days and percentage of customers purchasing over total customers in a month shows significant negative linear relationship with NPM expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: The study had given additional insight on the economics of self-medication and the role of community pharmacy as supplier of health care. The expenditure of NPM in Malaysia can be explained by empirical model that includes the purchasers’ socio-economic characteristic, health status, NPM utilization behavior and the information regarding utilization of community pharmacy.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2015-05, ISPOR 2015, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Value in Health, Vol. 18, No. 3 (May 2015)
Code
PIH23
Topic
Economic Evaluation
Topic Subcategory
Cost/Cost of Illness/Resource Use Studies
Disease
Multiple Diseases, Reproductive and Sexual Health