OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of aflibercept compared to ranibizumab and dexamethasone in the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in Turkey. METHODS: A Markov model consisting of health states based on the number of letters read in 15 letter increments from legal blindness (<35 letters) to 80+ letters with 30-year timeframe, was adapted to the Turkish local setting. Clinical inputs as transitions probabilities and incidences of adverse effects were mainly derived from the results of Phase III COPERNICUS and GALILEO trials. Economic inputs were based on the expert opinion addressing local treatment, monitoring and adverse event management algorithms. The primary endpoint was QALYs.  Analyses were conducted from the Turkish Payer Social Security Institution perspective. All costs were calculated in Turkish Liras (TL) and converted to USD using TL/USD currency rate as 2,1 (mid-2014). RESULTS: The total number of QALYs associated with aflibercept, ranibizumab and dexamethasone were 17.926, 17.194 and 16.928 QALYs respectively; resulting in total of 0,101 and 0,368 more QALYs for the treatment with aflibercept relative to ranibizumab and dexamethasone.  Total costs associated with aflibercept, ranibizumab and dexamethasone were 4.260 USD, 5.219 USD and 1.631 USD respectively, resulting for the cost of aflibercept treatment being 959 USD lower compared to ranibizumab and 2.629 USD higher compared to dexamethasone. Aflibercept was dominant over ranibizumab. The ICER for aflibercept as compared to dexamethasone was calculated as 7.144 USD/QALY. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of CRVO in Turkish setting, aflibercept was found to be the dominant treatment option when compared with ranibizumab while being more effective and less costly. Compared with dexamethasone aflibercept was found as cost-effective with an ICER of 7.144 USD, well below the willingness-to-pay threshold (GDP per capita „Ÿ 10.782 USD) for Turkey.