OBJECTIVES: Track the perceptions of key CER stakeholders about the current and future effects of CER on evidence generation and application for health care decisions METHODS: Internet and mail survey of health care stakeholders, including government, health plans, researchers, human resources specialists, employers, and trade organizations,  that are influential in or affected by CER; telephone follow-up  to maximize response. RESULTS: Two-thirds of CER stakeholders say that the current CER evidence base is insufficient to support treatment decisions, but 90 percent remain committed to the importance of CER.   This fifth survey in a series begun in 2010 found fewer respondents reporting no short-term effects of CER, but more than half of respondents believe that substantial improvement in decision-making based on CER will occur over the next 5 years. Almost three-fourths of respondents recognize PCORI’s significance in funding and monitoring new research, nearly double the level five years ago. Respondents are more positive about research priorities; nearly 40 percent believe priorities somewhat/adequately reflect treatment choices faced by patients and providers, compared to only 22 percent two years ago.  Just 9 percent believe that processes for interpreting evidence are fully transparent and objective, fewer than in the previous three surveys. Only about 25% of respondents report that real-world evidence or evidence about variability in individual patient response is being used to support treatment decisions. CONCLUSIONS: In successive surveys, CER stakeholders continue to look to a five-year horizon for significant effects from CER.  They generally view the evidence base as incomplete, recognize the key players in generating new evidence, and understand the time needed for research in their projections of CER’s impact.  The relatively scarce use of real-world evidence and evidence about patient variability reflects their views about the completeness of the evidence base to support treatment decisions.